Number
Lets you work with numeric values. The Number object is an object wrapper for primitive numeric values.
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Core object
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
JavaScript 1.2: modified behavior of Number constructor.
JavaScript 1.3: added toSource method.
JavaScript 1.5, NES 6.0: added toExponential, toFixed, and toPrecision methods.
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Created by
The Number constructor:
new Number(value)
Parameters
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value
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The numeric value of the object being created.
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Description
The primary uses for the Number object are:
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To access its constant properties, which represent the largest and smallest representable numbers, positive and negative infinity, and the Not-a-Number value.
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To create numeric objects that you can add properties to. Most likely, you will rarely need to create a Number object.
The properties of Number are properties of the class itself, not of individual Number objects.
JavaScript 1.2: Number(x) now produces NaN rather than an error if x is a string that does not contain a well-formed numeric literal. For example,
x=Number("three");
document.write(x + "<BR>");
prints NaN
You can convert any object to a number using the top-level Number function.
Property Summary
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Property
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Description
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constructor
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Specifies the function that creates an object's prototype.
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MAX_VALUE
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The largest representable number.
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MIN_VALUE
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The smallest representable number.
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NaN
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Special "not a number" value.
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NEGATIVE_INFINITY
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Special value representing negative infinity; returned on overflow.
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POSITIVE_INFINITY
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Special value representing infinity; returned on overflow.
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prototype
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Allows the addition of properties to a Number object.
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Method Summary
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Method
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Description
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toExponential
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Returns a string representing the number in exponential notation.
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toFixed
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Returns a string representing the number in fixed-point notation.
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toPrecision
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Returns a string representing the number to a specified precision in fixed-point notation.
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toSource
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Returns an object literal representing the specified Number object; you can use this value to create a new object. Overrides the Object.toSource method.
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toString
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Returns a string representing the specified object. Overrides the Object.toString method.
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valueOf
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Returns the primitive value of the specified object. Overrides the Object.valueOf method.
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In addition, this object inherits the watch and unwatch methods from Object.
Examples
Example 1. The following example uses the Number object's properties to assign values to several numeric variables:
biggestNum = Number.MAX_VALUE;
smallestNum = Number.MIN_VALUE;
infiniteNum = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
negInfiniteNum = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
notANum = Number.NaN;
Example 2. The following example creates a Number object, myNum, then adds a description property to all Number objects. Then a value is assigned to the myNum object's description property.
myNum = new Number(65);
Number.prototype.description=null;
myNum.description="wind speed";
constructor
Specifies the function that creates an object's prototype. Note that the value of this property is a reference to the function itself, not a string containing the function's name.
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Property of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
See Object.constructor.
MAX_VALUE
The maximum numeric value representable in JavaScript.
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Property of
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Number
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Static, Read-only
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
The MAX_VALUE property has a value of approximately 1.79E+308. Values larger than MAX_VALUE are represented as "Infinity".
Because MAX_VALUE is a static property of Number, you always use it as Number.MAX_VALUE, rather than as a property of a Number object you created.
Examples
The following code multiplies two numeric values. If the result is less than or equal to MAX_VALUE, the func1 function is called; otherwise, the func2 function is called.
if (num1 * num2 <= Number.MAX_VALUE)
func1()
else
func2()
MIN_VALUE
The smallest positive numeric value representable in JavaScript.
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Property of
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Number
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Static, Read-only
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
The MIN_VALUE property is the number closest to 0, not the most negative number, that JavaScript can represent.
MIN_VALUE has a value of approximately 5e-324. Values smaller than MIN_VALUE ("underflow values") are converted to 0.
Because MIN_VALUE is a static property of Number, you always use it as Number.MIN_VALUE, rather than as a property of a Number object you created.
Examples
The following code divides two numeric values. If the result is greater than or equal to MIN_VALUE, the func1 function is called; otherwise, the func2 function is called.
if (num1 / num2 >= Number.MIN_VALUE)
func1()
else
func2()
NaN
A special value representing Not-A-Number. This value is represented as the unquoted literal NaN.
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Property of
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Number
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Read-only
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
JavaScript prints the value Number.NaN as NaN.
NaN is always unequal to any other number, including NaN itself; you cannot check for the not-a-number value by comparing to Number.NaN. Use the isNaN function instead.
You might use the NaN property to indicate an error condition for a function that should return a valid number.
Examples
In the following example, if month has a value greater than 12, it is assigned NaN, and a message is displayed indicating valid values.
var month = 13
if (month < 1 || month > 12) {
month = Number.NaN
alert("Month must be between 1 and 12.")
}
See also
NaN, isNaN, parseFloat, parseInt
NEGATIVE_INFINITY
A special numeric value representing negative infinity. This value is represented as the unquoted literal "-Infinity".
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Property of
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Number
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Static, Read-only
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
This value behaves slightly differently than mathematical infinity:
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Any positive value, including POSITIVE_INFINITY, multiplied by NEGATIVE_INFINITY is NEGATIVE_INFINITY.
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Any negative value, including NEGATIVE_INFINITY, multiplied by NEGATIVE_INFINITY is POSITIVE_INFINITY.
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Zero multiplied by NEGATIVE_INFINITY is NaN.
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NaN multiplied by NEGATIVE_INFINITY is NaN.
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NEGATIVE_INFINITY, divided by any negative value except NEGATIVE_INFINITY, is POSITIVE_INFINITY.
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NEGATIVE_INFINITY, divided by any positive value except POSITIVE_INFINITY, is NEGATIVE_INFINITY.
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NEGATIVE_INFINITY, divided by either NEGATIVE_INFINITY or POSITIVE_INFINITY, is NaN.
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Any number divided by NEGATIVE_INFINITY is Zero.
Because NEGATIVE_INFINITY is a static property of Number, you always use it as Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, rather than as a property of a Number object you created.
Examples
In the following example, the variable smallNumber is assigned a value that is smaller than the minimum value. When the if statement executes, smallNumber has the value "-Infinity", so the func1 function is called.
var smallNumber = -Number.MAX_VALUE*10
if (smallNumber == Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
func1()
else
func2()
See also
Infinity, isFinite
POSITIVE_INFINITY
A special numeric value representing infinity. This value is represented as the unquoted literal "Infinity".
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Property of
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Number
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Static, Read-only
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Description
This value behaves slightly differently than mathematical infinity:
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Any positive value, including POSITIVE_INFINITY, multiplied by POSITIVE_INFINITY is POSITIVE_INFINITY.
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Any negative value, including NEGATIVE_INFINITY, multiplied by POSITIVE_INFINITY is NEGATIVE_INFINITY.
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Zero multiplied by POSITIVE_INFINITY is NaN.
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NaN multiplied by POSITIVE_INFINITY is NaN.
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POSITIVE_INFINITY, divided by any negative value except NEGATIVE_INFINITY, is NEGATIVE_INFINITY.
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POSITIVE_INFINITY, divided by any positive value except POSITIVE_INFINITY, is POSITIVE_INFINITY.
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POSITIVE_INFINITY, divided by either NEGATIVE_INFINITY or POSITIVE_INFINITY, is NaN.
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Any number divided by POSITIVE_INFINITY is Zero.
Because POSITIVE_INFINITY is a static property of Number, you always use it as Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, rather than as a property of a Number object you created.
Examples
In the following example, the variable bigNumber is assigned a value that is larger than the maximum value. When the if statement executes, bigNumber has the value "Infinity", so the func1 function is called.
var bigNumber = Number.MAX_VALUE * 10
if (bigNumber == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
func1()
else
func2()
See also
Infinity, isFinite
prototype
Represents the prototype for this class. You can use the prototype to add properties or methods to all instances of a class. For information on prototypes, see Function.prototype.
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Property of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1, NES 2.0
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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toExponential
Returns a string representing the Number object in exponential notation.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.5
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262, Edition 3
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Syntax
toExponential([fractionDigits])
Parameters
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fractionDigits
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An integer specifying the number of digits after the decimal point. Defaults to as many digits as necessary to specify the number.
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Description
The Number.prototype.toExponential method returns a string representing a Number object in exponential notation with one digit before the decimal point, rounded to fractionDigits digits after the decimal point. If the fractionDigits argument is omitted, the number of digits after the decimal point defaults to the number of digits necessary to represent the value uniquely.
If you use the toExponential method for a numeric literal and the numeric literal has no exponent and no decimal point, leave a space before the dot that precedes the method call to prevent the dot from being interpreted as a decimal point.
If a number has more digits that requested by the fractionDigits parameter, the number is rounded to the nearest number represented by fractionDigits digits. See the discussion of rounding in the description of the toFixed method on page 129, which also applies to toExponential.
Examples
var num=77.1234
alert("num.toExponential() is " + num.toExponential()) //displays 7.71234e+1
alert("num.toExponential(4) is " + num.toExponential(4)) //displays 7.7123e+1
alert("num.toExponential(2) is " + num.toExponential(2)) //displays 7.71e+1
alert("77.1234.toExponential() is " + 77.1234.toExponential())
//displays 7.71234e+1
alert("77 .toExponential() is " + 77 .toExponential()) //displays 7.7e+1
See also
toFixed, toPrecision, toString
toFixed
Returns a string representing the Number object in fixed-point notation.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.5
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262, Edition 3
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Syntax
toFixed([fractionDigits])
Parameters
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fractionDigits
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An integer specifying the number of digits after the decimal point. Defaults to zero.
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Description
The Number.prototype.toFixed method returns a string representing a Number object in fixed-point notation, rounded to the number of digits after the decimal point specified by fractionDigits.
The output of toFixed may be more precise than toString for some values, because toString outputs only enough significant digits to distinguish the number from adjacent number values.
If a number has more digits that requested by the fractionDigits parameter, the number is rounded to the nearest number represented by fractionDigits digits. If the number is exactly halfway between two representable numbers, it is rounded away from zero (up if it is positive, down if it is negative). Thus:
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0.124.toFixed(2) returns "0.12".
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0.125.tofixed(2) returns "0.13", because 0.125 is exactly halfway between 0.12 and 0.13.
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0 .126.tofixed(2) returns "0.13".
Given this convention, one might expect 0.045.toFixed(2) to return "0.05", but it returns "0.04". This is because of the way computers represent IEEE 754 floating-point numbers. The IEEE 754 standard uses binary fractions (fractions of 0's and 1's after the dot). Just as some numbers, such as 1/3, are not representable precisely as decimal fractions, other numbers, such as 0.045, are not precisely representable as binary fractions. The IEEE 754 standard dictates that 0.045 be approximated to 0.04499999999999999833466546306226518936455249786376953125, which is precisely representable as a binary fraction. This approximation is closer to 0.04 than to 0.05, so 0.045.toFixed(2) returns "0.04".
Examples
var num=10.1234
alert("num.toFixed() is " + num.toFixed()) //displays 10
alert("num.toFixed(4) is " + num.toFixed(4)) //displays 10.1234 alert("num.toFixed(2) is " + num.toFixed(2)) //displays 10.12
See also
toExponential, toPrecision, toString
toPrecision
Returns a string representing the Number object to the specified precision.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.5
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262, Edition 3
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Syntax
toPrecision([precision])
Parameters
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precision
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An integer specifying the number of digits after the decimal point.
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Description
The Number.prototype.toPrecision method returns a string representing a Number object in fixed-point or exponential notation rounded to precision significant digits.
If you use the toPrecision method for a numeric literal and the numeric literal has no exponent and no decimal point, leave a space before the dot that precedes the method call to prevent the dot from being interpreted as a decimal point.
If the precision argument is omitted, behaves as Number.prototype.toString.
If a number has more digits that requested by the precision parameter, the number is rounded to the nearest number represented by precision digits. See the discussion of rounding in the description of the toFixed method on page 129, which also applies to toPrecision.
Examples
var num=5.123456
alert("num.toPrecision() is " + num.toPrecision()) //displays 5.123456
alert("num.toPrecision(4) is " + num.toPrecision(4)) //displays 5.123
alert("num.toPrecision(2) is " + num.toPrecision(2)) //displays 5.1
alert("num.toPrecision(2) is " + num.toPrecision(1)) //displays 5
alert("num.toPrecision(2) is " + num.toPrecision(1)) //displays 5
alert("1250 .toPrecision() is " + 1250 .toPrecision(2))
//displays 1.3e+3
alert("1250 .toPrecision(5) is " + 1250 .toPrecision(5))
//displays 1250.0
See also
toExponential, toFixed, toString
toSource
Returns a string representing the source code of the object.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.3
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Syntax
toSource()
Parameters
None
Description
The toSource method returns the following values:
This method is usually called internally by JavaScript and not explicitly in code.
See also
Object.toSource
toString
Returns a string representing the specified Number object.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Syntax
toString()
toString([radix])
Parameters
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radix
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An integer between 2 and 36 specifying the base to use for representing numeric values.
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Description
The Number object overrides the toString method of the Object object; it does not inherit Object.toString. For Number objects, the toString method returns a string representation of the object.
JavaScript calls the toString method automatically when a number is to be represented as a text value or when a number is referred to in a string concatenation.
If you use the toString method for a numeric literal and the numeric literal has no exponent and no decimal point, leave a space before the dot that precedes the method call to prevent the dot from being interpreted as a decimal point.
For Number objects and values, the built-in toString method returns the string representing the value of the number.
var howMany=10;
alert("howMany.toString() is " + howMany.toString())
alert("45 .toString() is " + 45 .toString())
See also
toExponential, toFixed, toPrecision
valueOf
Returns the primitive value of a Number object.
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Method of
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Number
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Implemented in
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JavaScript 1.1
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ECMA version
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ECMA-262
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Syntax
valueOf()
Parameters
None
Description
The valueOf method of Number returns the primitive value of a Number object as a number data type.
This method is usually called internally by JavaScript and not explicitly in code.
Examples
x = new Number();
alert(x.valueOf()) //displays 0
See also
Object.valueOf
netscape
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