The constants below are defined by this extension, and
will only be available when the extension has either
been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.
Optionally it can strip specified characters if used together with
the FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_*
filter sanitization flags, and it can encode characters with ASCII value
greater than 127 using FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH.
Like htmlspecialchars(), this filter is aware of the
default_charset INI setting.
If a sequence of bytes is detected that makes up an invalid character
in the current character set then the entire string is rejected
resulting in an empty string being returned.
Sanitize the string by removing all characters except
latin letters ([a-zA-Z]),
digits ([0-9]),
and the special characters
$-_.+!*'(),{}|\\^~[]`<>#%";/?:@&=.